An average human body contains around 30,,,, red blood cells. Each cell measures approximately 0. Write each number in scientific notation and find the total length if the cells were laid end-to-end. Skip to main content. Exponents and Scientific Notation. Search for:. Using Scientific Notation Recall at the beginning of the section that we found the number [latex]1. Distance to Andromeda Galaxy from Earth: 24,,,,,,, m Diameter of Andromeda Galaxy: 1,,,,,,, m Number of stars in Andromeda Galaxy: 1,,,, Diameter of electron: 0.

Analysis of the Solution Observe that, if the given number is greater than 1, as in examples a—c, the exponent of 10 is positive; and if the number is less than 1, as in examples d—e, the exponent is negative.

Try It 10 Write each number in scientific notation. Example Converting Scientific Notation to Standard Notation Convert each number in scientific notation to standard notation. Try It 11 Convert each number in scientific notation to standard notation. Example Using Scientific Notation Perform the operations and write the answer in scientific notation.

Try It 12 Perform the operations and write the answer in scientific notation. Let's first convert the three lengths into scientific notation: width: 0. Play With It! Use Scientific Notation in Gravity Freeplay. Examples: 2, is written 2. Media outlet trademarks are owned by the respective media outlets and are not affiliated with Varsity Tutors.

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Scientific Notation Scientific notation is a way to write very large or very small numbers so that they are easier to read and work with. Powers of Subjects Near Me. Download our free learning tools apps and test prep books. What is Scientific Notation? Scientific Notation is Based on Powers of Scientific Notation Examples.

One of her saving graces is a good sense of humor. First Known Use of saving grace , in the meaning defined above. Learn More About saving grace. Time Traveler for saving grace The first known use of saving grace was in See more words from the same year. Style: MLA. English Language Learners Definition of saving grace. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary.

Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Love words? Need even more definitions? Just between us: it's complicated. Ask the Editors 'Everyday' vs. What Is 'Semantic Bleaching'?

How 'literally' can mean "figuratively". Literally How to use a word that literally drives some pe His saving grace is, "as he understands it". See all examples of saving grace. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Translations of saving grace in Chinese Traditional.

See more. Need a translator? Translator tool. What is the pronunciation of saving grace? Browse saved. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes. Image credits. Word of the Day have a heart of gold.

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Sage has been around for what feels like forever. The company was launched and remains in the North East of England despite becoming a global brand as it has continually grown since It is the biggest accountancy software package in the UK and the third largest worldwide and has evolved to cater for over six million users. Starting out at the dawn of computing they have not only witnessed the world go digital, they have had to adapt too, and they continue to do so.

Medium-size businesses that need features beyond accounting software, such as security, compliance, business planning, distribution and more. Medium-size businesses that need to manage more than one location or multiple companies.

Finance and operational management software designed for medium-size businesses. Advanced supply chain and sales management. Advanced financial management software for larger businesses. Nerdy tip: Try not to get confused by the Sage naming conventions. Double-entry accounting. Affordable monthly costs. Free trial. Outdated user interface. Deciding factors. How does Sage Accounting work? Sage Accounting Start. Create, send and track invoices. Add customers and suppliers.

Sage Accounting. Modify sales tax rates. Track and manage inventory. Forecast cash flow. Enable foreign currency invoicing. Create purchase orders. Benefits of Sage Accounting. Comprehensive reporting. Inventory tracking. Unlimited users with Sage Accounting plan. Drawbacks of Sage Accounting. No time tracking. Sage understand what their customers need, the industries they work in and advancements in a quickly changing technology.

This allows them to improve their package to retain their current users whilst attracting new ones. By having a completely computerised method of storing all of your financial information, you rule out the risk of human error, such as jotting down the wrong figures or misplacing information. You can access your account and see all the transactions and your cash flow to date as the system is updated in real time.

This is handy if you need to check you can afford unforeseen costs or to confirm which transactions have been processed. When businesses grow and develop, accountancy becomes much more complex. As your business develops and grows you can upgrade your Sage software or add different modules from the Sage 50 range to provide a complete and flexible business management solution. What is Sage Accounting Software? Sage has now rebranded Sage 50 accounts as Sage 50cloud to reposition itself as a major online and cloud provider of accounting software.

However many companies still want to install the software on their own servers and desktops as they prefer to have control over all aspects of their IT. There are two different deployment methods for Sage 50, many businesses are now choosing to use the Cloud version which is hosted by Sage using their secure datacentre, and the other popular deployment method is to use the on-premise version which allows you to install the software on your own servers and networks.

Sage 50cloud is basically the same as Sage 50 Accounts, Sage rebranded Sage 50 to focus more on the fast growing Cloud accounting software market, they initially named the software Sage 50c but later changed the name to Sage 50cloud. Because Sage 50cloud covers all the latest product releases it has many new features and product enhancements over older versions of Sage 50 Accounts.

There are two versions available for Sage 50, Standard and Professional previously there were three, Essentials, Standard and Professional. Sage market the Standard version as a simple desktop accounting solution with invoice and cash flow management, whilst Sage 50 Professional is the top of range accounts solution with in-depth stock, multi-currency and advanced reporting. Both Standard and Professional have all the features you would expect in an advanced accounts software solution however Professional allows you to create sales and purchase orders, trade in multiple currencies and track project income, expenses and profit, read more about Sage 50 Professional features.

Robins live across the UK in woodland, hedgerows, parks and gardens. It shows general distribution rather than detailed, localised populations. You can see robins all year round. Video A robin sings from a branch Read video transcript A robin sings from a branch.

Meet the new bird on the block Is this the scientific revelation of the year? Find out more about Robin Robin. In more depth. Share this Facebook Facebook Created with Sketch. Twitter Pinterest. Cookie Preferences. Accepting all non-essential cookies helps us to personalise your experience. Edit settings. Accept all. Robyn released the single "Be Mine! Her fourth album, Robyn, was her first number-one album in Sweden when it was released a month later. The album evoked global interest in Robyn, who was recognized for co-writing the song "Money for Nothing" for Darin Zanyar his debut single.

She released three more singles—"Who's That Girl? C" to Christian Falk's People Say his second album that year. A revised edition of Robyn was released in the UK the following month, with two new tracks—"With Every Heartbeat" a collaboration with Kleerup and "Cobrastyle" a cover of a single by Swedish rockers Teddybears —with slightly-altered versions of the original music. The decade-long relationship between Robyn and her label ended in In early , she announced that she was leaving Jive to start her own label.

Konichiwa Records was created to liberate Robyn artistically. Robyn began dating Olof Inger in , and they were engaged until He made all the videos for the last album. She signed a worldwide deal with Jive Records in July , moving from BMG after the singer was "disillusioned with the lack of artistic control [she] had there"; a year later, Jive was acquired by BMG when it bought Zomba Records.

Robyn later said, "I was back where I started! It was a condensed version of her debut album, with no material from her later releases. The single, "Electric", was a commercial success and propelled My Truth to the number-two position in Sweden. Despite her US success with Robyn Is Here, My Truth was not released in that country, partly because it included two songs which referenced an abortion she had in her teens.

It was ineligible for the US charts because there was no retail single available, but it reached number 32 on the Hot Airplay chart. As Robyn's popularity grew internationally, she was diagnosed with exhaustion and returned to Sweden to recover.

The singles became part of the album Robyn Is Here, which was released in October Robyn also contributed vocals to Blacknuss' single, "Roll with Me. In Melodifestivalen , the song finished fourth. It turned out to be her best opportunity, which she acknowledged soon to star on the big screen. During that time, Robyn and her husband were separated and urgently needed money. She was among the initial cast that began in The reality show considered the highest in rating compared to all other RHO franchises.

The show focuses on a similar concept of showing the rich housewives on a daily routine about their work routine and everyday ways of life. Robyn unveiled the difference between balancing her career and family life at the same time. A considerable number of audience has been involving in rating and helping her gain more fame in the world.

After leaving the house, Robyn started working as a publicist and got people following her on her official social media accounts such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Robyn Dixon has received awards for her coverage, comprising of Robert F. Kennedy award for international reporting, Daniel Pearl Award for courage and integrity in reporting. Most of her income comes from her event managing job and being a publicist.

Our mission has been to raise the quality and kindness in training and create deeper relationships with our dogs through education. Our training philosophy emphasizes an education for both dog and human that will help build a loving relationship.

Here they offer levels of performance that cannot be achieved by other forms of filter. Often several crystals may be used in one filter to provide the correct shape. There are two modes in which a crystal oscillator can operate and these can be seen from the equivalent circuit diagram. Quartz crystal resonators can operate in either mode, and in fact the difference between the parallel and series resonant frequencies is quite small.

Of the two modes, the parallel mode is more commonly used, but either may be used. Oscillator circuits for using the different modes are naturally different, as one oscillates when the crystal reaches its maximum impedance whilst the other operates when the crystal reaches its minimum impedance. The Q or quality factor is an important aspect of quartz crystal resonance.

Crystals offer very high levels of Q, sometimes in excess of Accordingly it is necessary to be able to calculate the level of Q to be able to determine other constraints and design considerations for the circuit in which it is to operate.

A straightforward equation is available to be able to calculate the value of Q for a given crystal. From this it can be seen that the series capacitance has a major effect on the Q. Lowering the series capacitance increases the Q in direct proportion for a given frequency. Quartz crystal resonators are a complex linkage between the electrical md mechanical domains. Although in theory it appears that theory operation appears quite straightforward, in practice many effects work together and they may link in unexpected manners.

It is not unknown for quartz crystal resonators to be excited by a different mode in a particular circuit and hence operate on an incorrect frequency. Understanding how quartz crystal resonators work can help identify these issues in the unlikely event they may occur.

Often adding a broadly resonant circuit to the oscillator to ensure that it can only operate in the required mode suffices in this instance. Circuit symbol for a quartz crystal resonator, xtal Piezo-electric effect When looking at how a quartz crystal works, it is first necessary to understand the basics of the piezo-electric effect. It is an effect that occurs in a number of materials, both naturally occurring and synthetic. How does a quartz crystal resonator work: the basics For the operation of a quartz crystal it is found that the piezo-electric effect converts the electrical impulses to mechanical stress which is subject to the very high Q mechanical resonances of the crystal, and this is in turn linked back into the electrical circuit.

When looking at how a quartz crystal resonator works, it can be seen that there are three main ways in which a crystal can vibrate: Longitudinal mode: In the longitudinal mode the crystal extends and shortens. Posted by Nicholas Crusie on September 08, To understand quartz watches, we need to first understand the standard ways in which watches are powered.

There are three main types of movements, or energy types, used in watches on the market today:. Mechanical watches are the kingpin of the watch world. Mechanical watches have been around since the beginning of watches.

In over a century of modifications and technological advancements, the most significant difference in a mechanical watch besides the individual watch design themselves is that mechanical watches now use a built-in crown, instead of a tiny key to wind the inner mainspring.

Mechanical watches are hand-wound timepieces that use a complex movement composed of hundreds of small parts that work together in harmony to make a mechanical watch tick. While automatic movements are technically an older technology than quartz movements, they are still among the most common movements in watches because they exude a different degree of quality, craftsmanship, and complexity.

Instead of batteries, they run off of the energy from a wound spring. This mainspring stores energy and distributes it through interconnected gears and other springs controlling the energy supply to power the watch.

For those in the pursuit of ultimate time-keeping precision, a quartz watch will be a clear choice. Once upon a time, quartz was a state-of-the-art technology that almost overturned the entire watchmaking industry. Heading off what is considered the Quartz Revolution or some Quartz Crisis depending on your feelings , quartz soon showed that the most effective and accurate way to tell time was not through a complex network of gears, but with a simple crystal, battery and tiny motors.

Utilizing this new time-keeping technology was considered unforgivable to some, as it disrupted the status quo of the watch winding world. Let us not forget that a quartz watch, except for the occasional change of batteries, needs far less service than its mechanical alternative. Also, unlike mechanical watches, gravity does not affect the inner workings at all, so a quartz watch tells the time just as well when you are deep under the ocean in a submarine as it does when you are climbing the highest mountain.

Forget that quartz is more affordable than mechanical watches. All clocks need an oscillating, regulating element to keep the time accurate. In mechanical clocks and watches, it exists in the form of a balance spring and balance wheel.

For a quartz watch, however, there is a tiny quartz crystal cut in the shape of a tuning fork. Quartz naturally vibrates at an exact frequency and contains piezoelectric properties, which means that when it is pressurized, it produces a small volt of electricity. If you have an account, sign in with your email address.

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This is one of the most detailed maps of Puerto Vallarta and we hope you enjoy it. This large and complete map shows the area of Banderas Bay, which includes the area within the state of Nayarit that extends from Punta Villela Villela Point on the peninsula of Punta de Mita to the mouth of the Ameca River that separates Nayarit from the state of Jalisco. Puerto Vallarta is a vibrant center of art creation, exhibition, and promotion. Remarkable paintings, sculptures, fine ceramics, blown-glass and other art is offered.

Frames, decorations and chandeliers of artistic wrought iron, colonial style furniture, all kinds of silver and gold jewelry and other materials, decorative pieces in mother of pearl, and that's just the start of the shopping list. Though there are a large number of things to do in Puerto Vallarta. If your trip is short, you really don't want to spend each and every day traveling all over the place, which is why a TOP 10 list like this one can be quite useful.

Any hotel worth its salt offer free wi-fi access, some include it for an extra charge. If you are somewhere in Puerto Vallarta you may want to connect through one of the public Wi-Fi hotspots listed in this section. Do take into consideration the security risks and in some cases, you'll be expected to consume something to gain access to their internet connections.

They struggle every day against adversities preserving their clothing, their rituals, history, language and art, an example for all other cultures around the world.

Next to it is a structure usually called a lighthouse, a column painted with white and black horizontal stripes and a light on the top.

This was before there was a decent road into town or a marina. Los Muertos Beach is the focal point in the South Side for tourists. A busy beach with a mix of tourists and locals, many beachside restaurants and bars, also a pier for fishing boats and water taxis to the south side of the bay. We have two bridges across the Rio Cuale now, connecting the South Side to Downtown, one northbound and one southbound.

North of the Rosita Hotel is mostly a local business area, with a few hotels, and our Sports Stadium, which has a State of the Art running track, as well as, soccer, baseball fields, exercise equipment and even a skateboard area.

Most of the big hotels, between the Sports Stadium and the Marina are in what we call the Hotel Zone, this area is full of hotels next to each other on the beach, inland is mostly a business district apart from a few new nightclubs and restaurants.

Once an outlying village, Pitillal is now in the Municipality of Puerto Vallarta. Very non-touristy with some good local food and shopping.

On the northern part of this basin is the Recreational Marina with private yachts and condos, between the two is Los Peines, where most fishing charter boats berth. On the south side of the bay the Sierra Tuito mountains come right down to the shore, covered with thick foliage and very steep. This is the mountain range that protects Puerto Vallarta from hurricanes, if they come up the coast from the south.

There are a few beaches with small villages, once engaged in fishing and now handling tourists, a couple have waterfalls in the back of them as an added attraction, Las Animas, Quimixto, Caletas, Majahuitas and Yelapa.

Some small beaches also exist without villages, but all have to be reached by boat, or are more easily reached by boat, as the main highway going south, turns inland at Boca de Tomatlan. See Yelapa and Hidden Beaches. Downtown Map. The Cross on the hill behind Downtown. See Here Across from the Plaza, you will see the Arches to the rear of the Aquiles Serdan Amphitheater, where there are many different performances in the evenings.

Millennium Mathis Lidice. Origen and Destiny Pedro Tello. Nostalgia Ramiz Barquet. The Rock Eater Jonas Gutierrez. Neptuno y Nereid Carlos Espino. Rotunda del Mar Alejandro Calunga.

They are usually a preserve of budget cases, mini-tower cases, and some OEM cases. Generally, cases with a top-mounted PSU layout require you to install the fan facing down. The PSU fan will draw the warm air from inside the case and exhaust it. However, if the case you are working with has a top vent which is extremely rare , you can install the fan facing up. The top vent allows the fan to draw cool air from the outside, thereby providing better cooling and more efficient airflow, improving the durability of the PSU.

The only caution you should take is to ensure you have a 5 cm gap between the fan and the casing. PSU fans usually affect the overall airflow when they are installed facing upwards. This is because installing the fan facing upwards is akin to adding another exhaust fan, which interacts with the overall airflow in the case. When installed facing down, the PSU fan creates somewhat of a closed environment with its own airflow that does not interact with the rest of the airflow in the case.

If you opt to install the PSU fan facing up, it is critical that you balance the airflow to negate negative pressure from arising. This is especially important if you open up the air inlets or increase the inlet fan speed on account of an added PSU exhaust. Negative pressure arises when there is less air going in through the vents and into the case than coming out of the exhaust.

The negative pressure in the case allows air to be drawn in through crevasses and cracks, which allows dust to infiltrate your PC. Almost all these PC cases have vents at the bottom where the PSU fits and most of them have dust filters installed at the vents to prevent the dust from getting to the fan and PSU components. So, if you have such provision then the PSU fan should be positioned downwards. This allows PSU fan to suck air from the bottom and the air gets expelled out from the rear side.

You can clearly see this in the image given below. I strongly advise not to keep the PSU fan upwards if you have a case with a bottom vent with an air filter installed. This is because if you keep the fan up then the cooling performance of the PSU will get compromised because the fan will suck hot air that is inside the case, instead of cool air and blows it on the PSU components.

Also, the PSU will accumulate much more dust because of no fan filter , and there is also a risk of something dropping inside the PSU through fan grill, which may cause serious damage to your power supply. This is the only way to fit a PSU in these cases.

Some computer cases come with a PSU shroud or cover that acts as an extra protection for the power supply and also for the bottom-mounted drives. Generally, the PSU shroud is a solid metal cover with no vents mostly , so in such cases, the position of the fan should remain down only regardless of anything.

Some PSU shroud do come with top vents that may allow you to position your PSU fan up but if the bottom vents are given, then it is better that you should keep the fan in down position only, unless there are no vents given at the bottom for the PSU fan.

Also, if your computer case has short feet then you have to keep it elevated by providing some kind of packing or support beneath the bottom feet or stands so that the PSU can have a good amount of airflow. Never put your computer case on the carpet when you have a bottom-mounted PSU fan facing downwards. The carpet will block the airflow to the PSU and in worst cases if you have no PSU fan filter installed then the small fiber particles from the carpet can get deposited inside your PSU and may also clog up your PSU fan.

Also, these carpet fibers are very dry and are static in nature, and may catch fire inside your PSU, which can cause serious damage to your power supply, and also other computer components too if you are unlucky. So, to solve this issue you can either use a wooden plank or plywood cutout to place your computer case or mount the PSU with fan facing in upwards direction.

Computer Cases with top-mounted PSU are very rare these days but they do exist. Refer there for all PC installation steps. The first thing you want to do when installing a power supply is check for the presence of little rubber feet on the bottom of your computer case.

This is assuming you're installing a PSU in the bottom of your case, which is how every modern case is designed these days. Top-mounted power supplies is a thing too, but a thing of the past. Many cases have rubber feet to help reduce the effects of PSU vibration to lower noise. If your case does have rubber feet like our Cooler Master N does, they'll likely already be pre-installed, but if not then check if your case provided you with some and go ahead and install them as per your case manual instructions.

If your case doesn't have rubber feet, it's not the end of the world, but you could always buy some small self-adhesive rubber pads from your local stationary store if you wanted to and especially if your power supply vibrates loudly once your new battlestation is fully operational. If you are installing a modular power supply one where you can choose which power cables to attach and which to leave in that PSU box , it might help if you attach the power cables that you'll need to your PSU before you physically mount it into the case.

In some cases, it could be a little tricky for you to go in and attach the power cables later on after the PSU has been installed. But just ignore this if you can easily reach the power connectors on your modular PSU even after it's sitting in the bottom of your case.

In other words, you can choose between installing the power supply with the intake fan facing upwards towards the inside of your case, or facing downwards through the vents on the bottom of your case which most modern cases will have.

So, which is best? PSU intake fan up or down? It's a good question, and a topic of much debate as with most cases you have the choice of either orientation. Only slightly. Does the blockage really matter? Reactions: digitalgriffin. Last edited: Aug 27, You keep thinking that. Your ideas all depend on where the thermistor is. And uneven balance will create uneven flow under the covered sections. We do this intentionally with heat wheel heat exchangers to keep air from mixing on the two sides.

Or if the thermistor is running over them, the fan will run harder than it needs to. There will also be uneven bearing pressure causing the covered side to pull up. To get similar air flow you have to decrease pressure more. The pressure drop makes the fan work a lot harder. A lot of that drag energy get converted to heat and noise. The force of drag on the fans exponentially increases with velocity increases. That's a substantial increase in speed provided you do achieve even flow under the blades.

I'm telling you that inverting the PSU is the best option here. It will pull hot air in from the case and the psu will be hotter. Its better to run half fan with cold air rather than full fan with hot air. Digital griffin is a Aerospace engineer, one might say a 'rocket scientist', consequently he deals with pretty exacting measurements and very small tolerances, as noted by his formulae. But it's a psu, and while some aspects are involved that include the need for rocket scientists of several branches, for the most part psus are designed by electrical engineers, like me when I was much younger.

What it boils down to is preference. Your preference and the temps preference. There really is no absolute right or wrong way to install it, you can do either. If fan up affects gpu temps in a negative manner, turn the psu upside down.

If fan down gives erratic behavior such as super high speed fan for no real reason, turn it fan up. It's a CV. It's a budget unit, but Is designed quite well, and shouldn't have any issues lasting long beyond its warranty with your current components. You could definitely do far worse in choice. As Jon noted, your case is not a brilliant design, really could have used digitalgriffin's input since which ever engineer did actually design it has little concept of what's actually important, and spent far too long on just trying to make it look appealing.

Reactions: 3bec. One is Evolveo and second one is Be Quiet. I have one exhaust fan, also Evolveo. So there should be no problem?

Absolute pressure sensors measure the input pressure of your media with reference to a vacuum chamber at 0bar evacuated and hermetically sealed. Specified where absolute pressure measurements are required, eg barometric pressures, or where equipment needs to have all the air removed.

Here the reference pressure is neither ambient nor internal to the sensor. The sensor is supplied with two ports — high and low inputs — and will measure the difference between the two. Generally used for filter measurement applications. See our range of differential pressure sensors. Like the above article? Why not read our other sensor reference articles. As pressure is applied, the external pressure compresses the diaphragm, and the capacitance value decreases. As the pressure is released, the diaphragm returns to its original shape and capacitance follows.

Common technologies use metal, ceramic, and silicon diaphragms. The capacitance can be calibrated to provide accurate pressure reading. Capacitive sensors, which display a capacitance change as one plate deflects under applied pressure, can be highly sensitive and withstand large overloads.

Constraints on materials, and joining and sealing requirements, however, can restrict applications. Piezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric pressure sensors utilize the property of piezoelectric materials like ceramic or metalized quartz, to generate an electrical potential on the surface when the material is subjected to mechanical stress and strain is generated.

The charge magnitude is proportional to the pressure applied, and the polarity is defined by the pressure direction. The electrical potential accumulates and dissipates quickly as pressure changes, allowing measurement of fast-changing dynamic pressures. In physical science the symbol for pressure is p and the SI unit for measuring pressure is pascal symbol: Pa.

One pascal is the force of one Newton per square meter acting perpendicular on a surface. Other commonly used pressure units for stating the pressure level are psi pounds per square inch , and bar. Use of pressure units have regional and application preference: psi is commonly used in the United States, while bar the preferred unit of measure in Europe. Pressure transducer calibration is an adjustment or set of corrections that are performed on a sensor, or instrument amplifier , to make sure that the sensor operates as accurately , or error-free, as possible.

Every sensor is prone to measurement errors. These structural uncertainties are the simply algebraic difference between the value that is indicated by the sensor output versus the actual value of the measured variable , or known reference pressures.

Measurement errors can be caused by many factors:. Zero offset or pressure sensor zero balance : An offset means that the sensor output at zero pressure true zero is higher or lower than the ideal output. Additionally, zero stability relates to the degree to which the transducer maintains its zero balance with all environmental conditions and other variables remaining constant.

Linearity or non-linearity : Few sensors have a completely linear characteristic curve, meaning that the output sensitivity slope changes at a different rate throughout the measurement range. Some are linear enough over the desired range and does not deviate from the straight line theoretical , but some sensors require more complex calculations to linearize the output.

So, pressure sensor non-linearity is the maximum deviation of the actual calibration curve from an ideal straight line drawn between the no-pressure and rated pressure outputs, expressed as a percentage of the rated output.

Hysteresis: The maximum difference between transducer output readings for the same applied pressure; one reading is obtained by increasing the pressure from zero and the other by decreasing the pressure from the rated output. It usually measured at half rated output and expressed as a percentage of the rated output.

Measurements should be taken as rapidly as possible to minimize creep. Repeatability or non-repeatability : The maximum difference between transducer output readings for repeated inputs under identical pressure and environmental conditions. It translates into the sensor's ability to maintain consistent output when identical pressure are repeatedly applied. Temperature Shift Span and Zero: The change in output and zero balance, respectively, due to a change in transducer temperature.

Each pressure sensor has a "characteristic curve" or a "calibration curve", which defines the sensor's response to an input. During a regular calibration using the sensor calibration machine, we check the sensor's zero offset and linearity by comparing the sensor output under reference weights and adjusting the sensor response to an ideal linear output.

The pressure sensor calibration equipment also check hysteresis, repeatability and temperature shift when customers request it for some critical pressure measurement applications. If you have further questions about calibration terms and definitions, please refer to our Sensor Calibration Terms Glossary.

Explain why the fluid reaches equal levels on either side of a manometer if both sides are open to the atmosphere, even if the tubes are of different diameters. The pressure of the atmosphere is due to the weight of the air above.

The pressure, force per area, on the manometer will be the same at the same depth of the atmosphere. Find the gauge and absolute pressures in the balloon and peanut jar shown in Figure , assuming the manometer connected to the balloon uses water and the manometer connected to the jar contains mercury.

How tall must a water-filled manometer be to measure blood pressure as high as mm Hg? Assuming bicycle tires are perfectly flexible and support the weight of bicycle and rider by pressure alone, calculate the total area of the tires in contact with the ground if a bicycle and rider have a total mass of Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Search for:. Gauge Pressure vs. Absolute Pressure Suppose the pressure gauge on a full scuba tank reads psi, which is approximately atmospheres.

Measuring Pressure A host of devices are used for measuring pressure, ranging from tire gauges to blood pressure monitors. Barometers Manometers typically use a U-shaped tube of a fluid often mercury to measure pressure. Check Your Understanding Mercury is a hazardous substance. Show Solution The density of mercury is Summary Gauge pressure is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

Absolute pressure is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure. Open-tube manometers have U-shaped tubes and one end is always open. They are used to measure pressure. A mercury barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. The SI unit of pressure is the pascal Pa , but several other units are commonly used.

Conceptual Questions Explain why the fluid reaches equal levels on either side of a manometer if both sides are open to the atmosphere, even if the tubes are of different diameters. Show Solution The pressure of the atmosphere is due to the weight of the air above. The advent of fieldbus networks made it possible to extract the maximum possible problems identification. These transmitters have more exactness, electronic stability superior to analogical models, in addition to making adjustments and calibrations easier.

Digital technology also enables the implementation of powerful algorithms to improve the performance and exactness of the measurement and the on-line monitoring of the equipment life. Below are examples of pressure transmitter applications. For more details about each of them consult the literature available on the article references. Remember that the correct installation ensures the best performance of the equipment.

Figure 18 — Volume measurement. Due to the great number of possible applications, some accessories must be available when using pressure transmitters.

The most common ones are the manifolds and remote seals, as shown on figure 20 below. The remote seals are used to transmit the pressure to a point distant from the sensor or even ensure the right conditions for the measurement on process temperature cases. The manifolds are small valves used to help performing equipment, calibration and maintenance operations. Figure 20 — Accessories for several transmitter applications.

The use of incomplete specifications or inconsistent data is quite common in the documentation to acquire pressure transmitters. At a first glance, they look like simple project items, but many are the details that, if not correctly specified, are liable to result in losses during mounting or even during the operation and the harm can be bigger than the values of the equipment involved. This topic seeks to clarify some fundamental questions on the process of specifying pressure transmitters.

Manometric pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure, other greatnesses inferred from measurement, like flow, level, volume, force, density pressure, etc. Note that pressure measurements lower than atmospheric pressure do not necessarily require absolute pressure transmitters. Absolute pressure transmitters are recommended only to prevent the influence of atmospheric pressure variations.

This influence will be critical only when measuring very close pressures, over or under the atmospheric pressure. Anywhere else, manometric pressure transmitters can be used without problems. Generally, pressure is measured for process monitoring or control; safety; quality control, fluid commercial transactions, like custody transference, fiscal measurement; studies and research; mass and energy balances.

These objectives must be considered when choosing the equipment. More rigorous questions on performance such as: exactness, overpressure and static pressure limits, stability etc.

Practically all manufacturers offer more than one version of transmitters with different technical features and obviously with different prices. The supplier must be informed about the fluid characteristics.

In most cases, the manufacturer may recommend special materials or connections, but the final decision will always be up to the user or the hired engineering company.

These are some fundamental process fluids for the right transmitter choice:. Some manufacturers market transmitters that change their protocol version by simply substituting the electronic circuit board or just the firmware to allow their use on different systems.

Also, they offer with the transmitters, CDs with all the archives DDs and DTMs that ensure communication and interoperability edge with the several existing control systems.

Transmitters with Foundation Fieldbus or Profibus PA protocols do not require portable configurators, since the network configuration tools installed on supervising computers or any engineering station is also capable of accessing and configuring the devices. In some transmitters, the configuration can be done directly on the devices, with the use of resources like the magnetic screwdriver or local buttons. In this case, the unit and scale should be indicated previously.

It is common for the user to request to the manufacturer calibration certificates issued by metrology laboratory tracked by RBC. Standardized certificates are generated and issued during the device production stage. Other calibration certificates, when issued by RBC-tracked labs may require longer delivery terms and involve additional costs. Another important certification must be observed when the transmitters are used in hazardous areas. The projects for these cases adopt regulations compliant to explosion proof, increased safety or intrinsic safety.

The certificates are distinct ones and the user is responsible for its correct utilization. In applications with aggressive fluids, high temperature or viscosity, suspended solids, remote seal or integral transmitters are recommended. Integral seal transmitters are called level transmitters.

Whenever possible, the use of seals must be avoided, as these degrade the measurement exactness, raise the transmitter response time and suffer great influence from the ambient temperature.

Seals with flanged connections must be compatible with the process flanges and respect the pressure classes established on pressure tables and the temperature of the respective standards. However, the lower range should always be chosen.

You will normally not be covered for any illnesses you are currently suffering from, or have already had. However, you may be able to get cover for some preexisting medical conditions by paying a supplementary premium, or if you meet certain criteria. To make sure that you understand what you are covered for and the limits that will apply if you make a claim, read the policy terms and conditions.

If you have any questions, you should contact the insurer who can talk you through the cover available to you. There can be limits on cover for cancer drug treatments which you may want to ask the insurer about. A drug treatment that your insurer has covered might not be available on the NHS when your insurance cover ends.

Your insurer will contact you as you approach the end of cover about the options available to you so you can discuss it with your specialist. If you are applying for an individual policy, you will need to provide some information to the insurer. You must answer all questions as fully and accurately as you can, to the best of your knowledge and belief.

Insurers will only ask you for information that is relevant to the cover you are applying for. There are two mains methods that insurers use to underwrite your application for PMI cover. All PMI companies will offer the option of full medical underwriting where you will be asked to give details of your medical history. With your consent, the insurer may write to your doctor for more information, but they do not do so in every case.

You must give all the information you are asked for. If you are unsure whether to mention something, it is best to do so. If you do not, your insurer may reduce your claim or refuse to pay and cancel your policy. If you have a medical condition that is likely to come back, the insurer will issue a policy, but that medical condition and any related to it might not be covered. Some insurance providers may offer PMI policies that use moratorium underwriting.

This means you do not need to tell the insurer about your medical history when you apply for the policy. If you claim, however, your insurer might ask for medical notes that are needed to decide if your claim can be covered, as the insurer will not cover treatment for any medical condition that you have received treatment for, taken medication for, asked advice on or had symptoms of which predates the starting date of the policy.

In other words, you will not be covered for any condition that existed in the past few years usually, this is in the last five years but the period of time may vary. Each moratorium works slightly differently so you may want to check with the insurer or read your policy documents so you can understand what this means for you.

Your employer may offer you access to a group PMI scheme, which typically does not ask employees to declare their medical history.

The scheme is underwritten based on the average age of the workforce, the location of the company and other nonpersonal factors. A basic group PMI scheme will only cover some treatments such as hospital admission and tests. In order for pre-existing conditions to be included in your Private Health Insurance plan, you would be required to go a certain length of time without exhibiting any symptoms of your preexisting condition in addition to not receiving any treatment, medication, or professional medical advice.

Typically, this period extends to 2 years and if you manage to fulfil this requirement, the condition will be added to your plan. Should it reoccur from that point, you would receive coverage from your insurer for it. It is important to note that the definition of Moratorium Underwriting can vary between insurers. To ensure that you are getting the right amount of coverage, you will need confirm the definition in your policy terms with your insurer before you make the final decision.

Full medical underwriting involves disclosing your full medical history prior to your Health Insurance policy being finalised on a health declaration form. PMI with full medical underwriting requires a medical application to join the scheme. This application will include declaring any past health conditions or treatments you may have had as well as any conditions you are currently suffering from or being treated for.

With all of this information, the insurer would then decide what you would or would not be covered for under your PMI policy. The question of which type of Underwriting is the better one is a question that we are often asked by our clients. Because so many people have wanted to know the answer, we have put together a full length guide — Moratorium Underwriting vs Full Medical Underwriting.

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However, you should consider carefully what medical conditions you have previously needed or received treatment for, or had signs or symptoms of in the past, and whether you would like to try and insure these conditions. The disadvantage of not fully understanding the restrictions of moratorium cover regarding pre-existing medical conditions is that you could find yourself undergoing expensive treatment for a medical condition that will not be covered by the insurer.

With this underwriting type you would have to disclose medical history to the insurer and they would decide if they are able to offer cover for those medical conditions. As far as InterGlobal we are concerned, FMU is the process that we use to assess an applicant's medical history to decide the special terms that we are prepared to offer. Should you elect to go down this road, you will need to submit a full medical declaration.

The underwriting department will then agree to either accept all or some of your pre-existing medical conditions and may charge an increased premium, exclude all of your pre-existing medical conditions, or decline cover altogether.

Any special terms that have to be applied will be shown on your certificate of insurance and cover will be governed by the benefits, terms and conditions of your plan. The advantage of full medical underwriting is that you may be able to get cover for a pre-existing medical condition that would normally be excluded through a moratorium, giving you the peace of mind that you will be able to undergo treatment for that condition. On the other hand, even if your pre-existing medical condition is excluded from cover, you'll know from the outset what you can and can't claim for.

So there'll be no nasty surprises, giving you the opportunity to financially plan for any treatment that you may need. The disadvantages of FMU are that it can increase your insurance premiums and that enrolment can be a lengthy process, especially if you have family members on the same plan.

The final decision on the best route to go down would essentially depend on you and your medical history and indeed your own personal choice. If you have seen a medical practitioner in the last five years then it is very wise to run through the best course of action with an independent broker as the adviser can contact various insurers to establish which method of underwriting would benefit you most.

This is often good practice as many international health insurance companies are not regulated to provide advice to customers and as such perform what the industry terms as non-advised sales. Are you looking for expat insurance? Click here to get a quote. Get the right telephone number for your area, here. More about Aetna International More about our plans for individuals and families.

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As you get close to ovulation, your cervical mucus will become copious, clear and slippery—like egg whites. It stretches between your fingers. Once your discharge becomes scant and sticky again, ovulation is over.

This is a bit fussy, but can be useful to figure out your own unique cycle. You need to take your temperature before getting out of bed each morning with a basal thermometer and then note it on a chart or regular piece of paper more on that here. Changing hormone levels lead to a spike in temperature as you approach ovulation. You are most fertile on the day of the spike and the days leading up to it. The records you keep this month will help you identify your ovulation pattern plan for your next cycle.

About one in five women have pelvic discomfort when they ovulate—anything from a dull ache that lasts a day or two to a sharp twinge. Drugstore kits use urine or your saliva to identify hormone surges that signal ovulation. Read more: How to get pregnant faster How to get your body ready for pregnancy Best sex positions for getting pregnant. It can differ from woman to woman, but there are several common ovulation symptoms you may sense.

Before and during ovulation, hormonal shifts can affect the entire body, prompting ovulation symptoms. Many women will experience those ovulation symptoms for up to five days before ovulation as well as the day of, Pollio says, and they may last for a day after ovulation.

If you can learn to recognize the common signs of ovulation listed below, it could help you predict when ovulation is likely to occur. Cervical mucus changes are one ovulation symptom you may experience. The amount of cervical mucus and what it looks and feels like varies from woman to woman. To test it for ovulation, insert a clean finger into your vagina, remove some of the mucus and then stretch out the secretion between your thumb and finger.

For some women, a more sensitive sense of smell in the latter half of a normal menstruation cycle can be a sign of ovulation. In this fertile phase, your body is primed to be more attracted to the male pheromone androstenone. Some women also report a heightened sense of taste. Tender breasts or sore nipples can be another sign of ovulation, thanks to the rush of hormones entering your body right before and after ovulation.

Some women will experience this tenderness just before ovulation, while others may feel it right after ovulation occurs. A lot of women wonder, can you feel ovulation? And for some, the answer is actually yes—typically as a mild ache or pain in the lower abdomen, usually on one side or the other not the same side each time.

So what are ovulation pains like? Called Mittelschmerz, ovulation pain can feel like a sharp or dull cramp on the side of your abdomen where the ovary is releasing the egg. This ovulation side effect can last anywhere between a few minutes and a few hours.

You might also experience light vaginal bleeding, discharge or nausea along with the ache or pain, which is usually mild and short lived. But if ovulation pain is persistent or severe, see a doctor to rule out conditions such as endometriosis or an ovarian cyst.

Moore suggests monitoring and recording your ovulation symptoms every month to get a sense of what is normal for your body, so you can more easily spot any abnormal ovulation signs and symptoms. Many women wonder whether ovulation pain is a sign of fertility. Brown discharge or spotting during ovulation is normal, if not that common. This ovulation symptom can occur when the follicle that surrounds and protects the developing oocyte, or egg, matures, grows and then ruptures, resulting in a small amount of bleeding.

As blood gets older, it turns brown, which is why the ovulation discharge may range from red to dark brown. A change in libido is another common ovulation symptom. During ovulation, your cervix may become higher, softer and more open. In many women with a regular cycle, right before ovulation the cervix will be softer, like touching your lips, but after ovulation it will feel harder, more like touching the tip of your nose.

An OB can also check for cervical changes using a speculum and help give you more guidance on how to do it at home. Nausea and headaches are two possible ovulation side effects due to the change in your estrogen and progesterone levels.

While you may not actually feel this symptom, it can still be a sign of ovulation. As mentioned above, your basal body temperature will rise during ovulation and stay elevated during that time. Ovulation usually happens about halfway through your menstrual cycle, about 14 days before the first day of your next period, but the exact time can vary.

Although signs that you are about to ovulate can be subtle, there are some things you can pay attention to and track over time to help you predict your fertile window. Noticing how your vaginal secretions change during your menstrual cycle is the basis of the Billings ovulation method.

Around the time of ovulation, you may notice your secretion is clear, stretchy and slippery — similar to egg whites. After ovulation, when the chances of becoming pregnant drop, the secretion tends to become cloudy and thick, or disappear entirely.

The time when you are most fertile is 2 to 3 days before the rise in temperature. There may be other signs that you are near the time of ovulation, such as mild abdominal cramps, breast tenderness or increased sex drive. Ovulation calendars are available on websites such as www.

Home ovulation predictor kits are available from pharmacies. You use the kit a few days before your predicted ovulation day, to test for a rise in the level of a hormone called luteinising hormone LH in your urine. A positive result indicates you will ovulate within the next 24 to 36 hours. A blood test, which your doctor can order, can also detect ovulation by measuring levels of the hormone progesterone.

If you are trying to get pregnant, there are also a number of other things you should consider, such as taking folate , maintaining a healthy diet and making sure your vaccinations are up to date. Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.

Read more on Your Fertility website. Today people often leave plans for pregnancy until later in their adult lives. This is different to previous generations. Women are naturally more fertile in their 20s than their 30s but women are more often having children when they are aged years old.

Get your timing right Your window of opportunity to fall pregnant each month is small. Family Planning NSW provides reproductive and sexual health services, including information and health promotion activities, as well as education and training. Family Planning NSW recognises the need to promote and protect the reproductive and sexual health and rights of people with disability.

Find your sunglass lenses. Shop Lenses. How To. Contact Us. Close Close button. Search Search your lens. Quickly identify your model number:. Cant see your model number? How to identify your lenses. Search by lenses. Sunglass Lenses. Why 8. Lens Type. Lens Colour. Accessories None Selected. Add To Cart. Product Notes. Choose Lens Type. Choose Lens Colour. SFx Diamond. Hazel Gradient. French Blue Gradient. French Blue.

Rose Gradient Gold Flash Mirror. PaulT00 -. Comfortable when properly adjusted - otherwise the nose bridge can pinch! The mountings on these are different from the older WHY3 in that the screws through the lenses use a grommet which allows some flex at the joint before trying to bend the lens itself, making them less fragile. It may be the way I have the nose bridge adjusted on this pair but I find there's a lot of light leakage over the top of the lenses, they just seem to sit a bit low.

Apart from that the lenses are very wide and very rectangular, and very wraparound with pretty good coverage. Wider or flatter faces may not suit these glasses because of the degree of wrap. The second pair were the ABIP which seem to be about as common as the Holy Grail - it took me nearly 3 years to track down a pair which turned out to be near mint.

These sit differently on the face for some reason and I don't get so much light leakage over the top. The ABIP lenses are odd to look at and bizarre to look through, but I prefer them over the BI in these glasses - they just add that touch of Oakley weirdness. It's a pity that there aren't any more 'interesting' lens options for these glasses - an Ice or Emerald Polarised or a VR50 or VR50 Emerald would suit the frame nicely I think, but short of a custom cut but from which base lens??

I tend to baby mine a bit given they're now effectively irreparable if damaged. Keith, UK -. Frame: Matte Black Lens: Black Gradient Summary - well made, not really effective in the brightest of sunlight, classy, crying out for polarization.

Having bought one pair of these glasses and been impressed so much I bought another pair the same a few days later from the same place. I then found something unexpected - the second pair had a different lens tint to the first. The light transmission is the same for both pairs. I'd agree with the Cat 2 rating for these glasses and the other reviews that say these are a bit too 'light' for use in very bright sun, but other than that they're awesome - gorgeous to look at, well made and surprisingly sturdy.

Very good for driving. But come on Oakley, resurrect this SKU, give us a darker, useable non-iridium black gradient - grey lens and a polarized option to boot. LEX7 -. We will provide a 60 day warranty on the repaired portion of your eyewear. The warranty will protect you against any breakage happening at the same spot that we repaired. This item comes with an original case, cloth and certificate of authenticity where appropriate.

Our secure checkout is guaranteed to make sure your information is safe and is never shared with third parties. What is a medical Flexible Spending Account? A flexible spending account, or FSA, is one of the best new ways to save and spend when it comes to your medical expenses. An employer offers the FSA plan to their employees, which allows them to deduct a portion of their income, before payroll taxes, to a special account that can be used to cover a variety of medical expenses.

What expenses are covered with an FSA? Expenses that are covered are usually those which a health plan or insurance do not cover, such as deductibles, doctor visit co-pays, or coninsurance.

How do I use my FSA benefits? Flexible spending accounts are used by paper claim forms, or by use of a flexible spending account debit card, more frequently known as a Flexcard. Where can I use a Flexcard?

A Flexcard is used in the same fashion as a standard bank-issued debit card, as many of them bear a Visa? How long does a flexible spending account last? An FSA typically lasts for one year, or until a time when the coverage would end end of employment, for example. Because of this, it is important to plan ahead for how much should be allocated to the flexible spending account based on medical expense needs.

Modern optical lens production is challenging. It takes a modern, sophisticated optical lab to make the process easy. Our lab utilizes 75 years of collective experience and has the expertise to produce any RX job.

A frame has 3 simple sizes objects eye, bridge, temple : Eye Size - refers to the horizontal width in millimeters of one of the frame's lenses. Bridge Size - measurement is the distance in millimeters between the two lenses. It is measured between the two closest points of the two lenses. Temple Size - is measured along the length of the temple, from one end to the other, including the bend.

Instock items will ship within 24 hours of the placement of the order. Orders ship Monday-Friday. Time has been extended only.

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NFC is capable of so many tap-and-go functions — digital wallets like Apple Pay, Google Pay, and Samsung Pay cover just a tiny fraction of its capabilities. Music lovers can connect their device to speakers quickly through NFC, and you can also log in to your work computer with a tap on your phone, unlock your car door, or track your health and fitness stats. This technology is in the process of overhauling public transportation — you can scan an NFC-enabled smartphone on some buses or use them as metro passes in some places.

You can add money to a bus or metro pass directly through an app, always ensuring you have funds on your card. This technology is capable of supporting loyalty cards and student IDs. Clearly, you can use NFC tags for a variety of activities. One way to learn more about this technology is to consider creating NFC coasters to grant visitors access to your home Wi-Fi.

Galaxy Buds 2 Best Movies on Netflix. What is NFC on my phone? How does NFC work? Sharing between Android devices Android Beam, a now-deprecated technology, was introduced in Android 4.

Which devices have NFC? Every device running Android 4. What else can NFC do? For more specific information, see our article on how to scan NFC tags or QR codes and also checkout our articles on Android and iPhone compatibility.

NFC-enabled mobile phones can activate a wide variety of applications, including mobile marketing like coupons and loyalty programs , identity and access control, ticketing, gaming, and much more. The standard functionality of NFC in many mobile phones also allows consumers to perform safe, contactless transactions, access digital content, and connect electronic devices simply.

An NFC chip in a mobile device can act as a card, a reader or both, enabling consumer devices to share information and to make secure payments quickly. Platform Manage and build custom mobile experiences that engage consumers. Studio Build dynamic, personalized mobile experiences with no coding required.

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February 25, What is NFC? Learn how to enable JavaScript in your web browser. Soon, more and more of your customers will want to pay with their devices. NFC is the technology that enables contactless payments. NFC is actually a subset of something called RFID radio-frequency identification , a technology that allows us to identify things through radio waves.

To date, one of the more common uses for NFC is identification cards to gain access to places like office buildings and private garages. A contactless payment is a transaction that requires no physical contact between a device aka a smartphone and a payments terminal. Meaning, people can just hold up their mobile devices to pay. For a contactless payment to go off seamlessly, you usually have to hold your phone two inches or less from the reader.

When a contactless payment is initiated by a customer holding or tapping a mobile device to the payments terminal , the NFC technology goes to work. Using that specific frequency we talked about, the NFC-enabled reader and the smartphone pass encrypted information back and forth to each other to complete the payment. This all takes just seconds. Speed, in fact, is one of the coolest parts of NFC payments. They take a fraction of the time of magstripe and chip card transactions—and are leagues faster than cash.

But NFC payments are extremely secure—way more secure, in fact, than magnetic-stripe cards. The banks and networks then replace your bank details with a series of randomly generated numbers the token. That random number is sent back to Apple, which then programs it into your phone.